At the meeting, South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond criticized President Truman for his civil rights agenda, and the governors discussed ways to oppose it. Une période riche en rebondissements qui a souvent passionné les cinéastes américains. Despite being an incumbent president, Truman was not placed on the ballot in Alabama. Near the end of the campaign, Truman privately wrote a state-by-state electoral vote prediction and gave it to his aide, George Elsey. As the convention opened, Dewey was believed to have a large lead in the delegate count. He nicknamed the Republican-controlled Congress as the "worst", "do-nothing" Congress, a remark which brought strong criticism from Republican Congressional leaders (such as Taft), but no comment from Dewey. The polls and the pundits, however, all held that Dewey's lead was insurmountable and that Truman's efforts were for naught. [71], As Truman made his way to his hometown of Independence, Missouri, to await the election returns, some among his inner circle had already accepted other jobs, and not a single reporter traveling on his campaign train thought that he would win,[69] while a number of prominent Republicans, anticipating serving in a Dewey Presidency, had already bought homes in Washington. with his wife disaffiliating [from the party] the night before the convention" started. Even so, Stassen was still leading Dewey in the polls for the upcoming Oregon primary. Following the convention, most political experts in the news media rated the Republican ticket as an almost-certain winner over the Democrats.[38]. [74] He told the Secret Service agents guarding him to drive him back to Kansas City, "because it looks as if we're in for another four years. Years later, historian David McCullough cited the expensive but lackluster Dewey film and the far cheaper but more effective Truman film as important factors in determining the preferences of undecided voters. The "surprise" candidate of 1948 was Stassen, a liberal from Minnesota. [28] Four days after the debate, Dewey defeated Stassen in the Oregon primary. The two largest third parties did not hurt Truman nearly as much as expected: Thurmond's Dixiecrats carried only four Southern states, a lower total than predicted. Ouest-France et L’actu en classe proposent aux jeunes lecteurs de découvrir tout un tas d’univers. Un écrivain a fait remarquer que « le seul grand thème que Dewey a présenté dans la campagne était l'unité... mais [il] a été surestimé sur un thème qui n'avait aucun attrait viscéral pour l'Américain moyen. [15] The passage of the civil rights platform caused some three dozen Southern delegates, led by South Carolina Governor Strom Thurmond, to walk out of the convention. Harry S. Truman a remporté 28 états et 303 grands électeurs, contre 16 états et 189 grands électeurs pour Thomas Dewey et 4 états et 39 (+1 dans le Tennessee) grands électeurs pour Strom Thurmond. The hope that Truman would reverse course had faded by 1947, when he vetoed the Taft-Hartley Law, which would have helped control union power. Les républicains de haut niveau pensaient que tout ce que leur candidat devait faire pour gagner était d'éviter les erreurs majeures. It was also an unprecedented fifth consecutive presidential victory for the party, thus continuing what remains the only winning streak of more than two presidential elections by the Democratic Party since the Civil War. Notre avenir est devant nous », « le seul grand thème que Dewey a présenté dans la campagne était l'unité... mais [il] a été surestimé sur un thème qui n'avait aucun attrait viscéral pour l'Américain moyen. The Dixiecrats had no chance of winning the election themselves, since they could not get on the ballot in enough states to win the necessary electoral votes. Meanwhile, the Democratic party fragmented. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1948 s'est déroulée le mardi 2 novembre 1948. The Progressive Party Convention, which was also held in Philadelphia, was a highly contentious affair; several famous newspaper journalists, such as H. L. Mencken and Dorothy Thompson, publicly accused the Progressives of being covertly controlled by Communists. Le président élu Joe Biden a bien remporté l’Arizona et ses onze grands électeurs. In addition, after suffering a relatively severe recession in 1946 and 1947 (in which real GDP dropped by 12% and inflation went over 15%), the economy began recovering throughout 1948. Des élections générales ont eu lieu en Italie le dimanche 18 avril 1948 pour élire le premier Parlement de la République italienne. La veille des primaires fut diffusé à la radio le débat Dewey-Stassen, considéré comme le premier débat présidentiel moderne de l'histoire des États-Unis. "[66] Roper stopped polling voters until the final week before the election, when he took another poll. The 1948 United States presidential election was the 41st quadrennial presidential election. Had Dewey carried all three states, he would have won the election in the Electoral College, despite losing the popular vote by over two million votes (more than 4%), while if Dewey had won only two (any two) of the three states, Truman would have had the most electoral votes, but he and Dewey would have been short of the 266 required for a majority, meaning the Dixiecrats would have succeeded in their goal of forcing the election into the House of Representatives. Neither Stassen nor Taft hated Dewey enough to withdraw [in favor of the other], and neither man thought he could get his delegates to follow if he did. Dans l’ombre de Donald Trump et de Joe Biden, deux autres candidats quasi-inconnus se présentent également à l’élection présidentielle américaine : Jo Jorgensen, du parti libertarien, et Howie Hawkins, du parti vert. [67] In 1948 many pollsters, relying on Farley's Law, believed that the election was effectively over after the Republican and Democratic Conventions, and they discounted the impact of Truman's campaigning that fall.[67]. "[75] For the rest of his life, Truman would gleefully mimic Kaltenborn's pedantic voice predicting his defeat throughout that election night. It is thought control...an attempt to beat down ideas with a club. the 50th governor (1948-52); serving his own full term, A Tennessee faithless elector voted for Thurmond/Wright, United States presidential election, 1948, Republican Party presidential primaries, 1948, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, National Archives and Records Administration, 1948 United States House of Representatives elections, "Voter Turnout in Presidential Elections", "BEHIND THE PICTURE: 'DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN, Encyclopedia of Arkansas History & Culture, "Evan McMullin Could Set Mark for Weakest National Popular Vote by Candidate to Win a State", "History of Sir Winston Churchill - GOV.UK", "1948 Presidential General Election Data – National", "Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 2, 1948", United States presidential election of 1948, elections in which the winner lost the popular vote, Notable third party performances in United States elections, Third party officeholders in the United States, Third-party members of the United States House of Representatives, History of the socialist movement in the United States, Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party, Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee, English-language press of the Socialist Party of America, Non-English press of the Socialist Party of America, Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1952 Puerto Rican constitutional referendum, Presidential Library, Museum, and gravesite, 1944 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection, Harry S. Truman home and National Historic Site, United States Senate election in Missouri, 1934, 1952 Democratic Party presidential primaries, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1948_United_States_presidential_election&oldid=992580995, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2014, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2014, Pages using bar box without float left or float right, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Truman also won 49.6% of the popular vote compared to Dewey's 45.1%, while the third party candidacies of Thurmond and Wallace each won less than 3% of the popular vote, with Thurmond carrying four southern states. National Archives and Records Administration. Journalist Jules Abels wrote that "the election was not thrown away by indifference or lack of effort. The Dewey film, shot professionally on an impressive budget, featured very high production values but somehow reinforced an image of the New York governor as cautious and distant. Harry S. Truman, président des États-Unis. More than 500 newspapers, accounting for over 78% of the nation's total circulation, endorsed Dewey. [41] This revelation—including direct quotes from the letters—led to much ridicule of Wallace in the national press. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1948 s'est déroulée le mardi 2 novembre 1948. The party's platform was drafted by Lee Pressman, the convention secretary; he later admitted that he had been a member of the Communist party. Il était difficile de comprendre où Dewey voulait en venir. Comme il était à la traîne dans les sondages, Truman a décidé d'adopter une campagne de réduction des dépenses, sans restrictions. ... Biden dépasserait la barre des 270 grands électeurs nécessaires à son élection. L'élection du président des États-Unis relève d'un processus bien huilé, réglé au jour près et qui se renouvelle tous les quatre ans. [11] On the liberal side, Wisconsin Representative Andrew Biemiller proposed a strong civil rights plank which was more explicit and direct in its language than Truman's convention proposal. Finally, Senator Pepper declared his intention to challenge Truman for the presidential nomination. Taft called for abolishing many New Deal welfare programs, which he felt were harmful to business interests, and he was skeptical of American involvement in foreign alliances such as the United Nations. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1948 s'est déroulée le mardi 2 novembre 1948. Stassen stunned Dewey and MacArthur in the Wisconsin primary; Stassen's surprise victory virtually eliminated General MacArthur, whose supporters had made a major effort on his behalf. Olivier Duhamel, président de la FNSP (Sciences Po) et administrateur de l’Institut Montaigne, retrace l’histoire des élections présidentielles américaines depuis 1948 dans "Mister President", un podcast en douze épisodes produit en partenariat avec Europe 1 Studio. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1948 s'est déroulée le mardi 2 novembre 1948.Elle opposa le président sortant, Harry S. Truman et Thomas Dewey, candidat du Parti républicain. His candidacy collapsed when the liberal Americans for Democratic Action and the Congress of Industrial Organizations withheld their support, partly due to concerns over Pepper's attacks on Truman's foreign policy decisions regarding the Soviet Union. Dewey's handicap was that many Republicans disliked him on a personal level; he often struck observers as cold, stiff, and calculating. En fait, depuis qu’il s’est imposé dans les primaires démocrates en mars dernier, l’ancien vice-président a toujours fait la course en tête. Truman's surprise victory was the fifth consecutive presidential win for the Democratic Party, the longest winning streak for either party since the 1880 election. On July 12, the Democratic National Convention convened in Philadelphia in the same arena where the Republicans had met a few weeks earlier. In several North Carolina cities Wallace was hit by a total of "twenty-seven eggs, thirty-seven tomatoes, six peaches, and two lemons. Son successeur, Harry Truman, donné perdant en 1948 contre Thomas Dewey,… [54], The Southern Democrats who had walked out of the Democratic National Convention to protest the civil rights platform approved by the convention, and supported by Truman, promptly met at Municipal Auditorium in Birmingham, Alabama, on July 17, 1948, and formed yet another political party, which they named the States' Rights Democratic Party. En fait, Dewey a rarement mentionné le nom de Truman pendant la campagne, ce qui s'inscrit dans sa stratégie consistant à paraître au-dessus de la politique partisane mesquine. Although he was a member of the Democratic Party, Taylor accepted the Progressive Party's vice-presidential nomination, saying "I am not leaving the Democratic Party. Wallace himself denied being a Communist, but he repeatedly refused to disavow their support and, at one point, was quoted as saying that the "Communists are the closest thing to the early Christian martyrs. Since 1948, there has been only one streak of three consecutive presidential victories by any party (in that case, by the Republicans). Stripped to its naked essentials...this is nothing but the method of Hitler and Stalin. Thus, Truman's election confirmed the Democratic Party's status as the nation's majority party. À dix jours de l’élection présidentielle américaine, on pourrait croire que les jeux sont faits.Les sondages nationaux octroient à Joe Biden un avantage sur Donald Trump de plus de dix pour cent des intentions de vote. Un éditorial du Courier-Journal (de Louisville) résumait ainsi la situation : « Aucun candidat à la présidence ne sera à l'avenir si inepte que quatre de ses grands discours puissent se résumer à ces quatre phrases historiques : L'agriculture est importante. This was slightly less than the States' Rights Party, but the Progressive Party received no electoral votes. Stassen believed that if he could defeat Taft in his home state, Taft would be forced to quit the race and most of Taft's delegates would support him instead of Dewey. Élection présidentielle américaine Élection présidentielle (États-Unis) Élections présidentielles américaines Élections présidentielles (États-Unis) Notices thématiques en relation (41 ressources dans data.bnf.fr) Termes plus larges (1) Politique et gouvernement -- États-Unis. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1840 se tient du 30 octobre au 2 décembre et voit la défaite du président sortant Martin Van Buren, la première du Parti démocrate depuis le scrutin de 1824, et l'élection du premier président whig, le général William Henry Harrison. Among the leaders of this movement were Jacob Arvey, the head of the powerful Cook County (Chicago) Democratic organization; Frank Hague, the boss of New Jersey; James Roosevelt, the eldest son of former President Franklin D. Roosevelt; and liberal Senator Claude Pepper from Florida. Source (Popular Vote): Leip, David. An editorial in the Louisville Courier-Journal summed it up: No presidential candidate in the future will be so inept that four of his major speeches can be boiled down to these historic four sentences: Agriculture is important. With simultaneous success in the 1948 congressional elections, the Democrats regained control of both houses of Congress, which they had lost in 1946. L'ANTISECHE - Donald Trump a menacé de saisir la Cour suprême pour trancher l'élection présidentielle américaine. Les résultats de l'élection présidentielle américaine sont scrutés par Emmanuel Macron au cœur de l'Elysée. [55] In the states of Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and South Carolina, the party was able to be labeled as the main Democratic Party ticket on the local ballots on election night. The 1948 United States elections was held on November 2, 1948. Tasos Katopodis via Getty Images. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Truman also faced a challenge from his party in the form of former Vice President Henry A. Wallace, who launched the Progressive Party and challenged Truman's confrontational Cold War policies. In the fall, Thomas would run as the Socialist Party presidential candidate to offer liberals a non-Communist alternative to Wallace. Devoir de servir la commu­nauté et la nation. Élection présidentielle américaine : La dernière ligne droite. Elle opposa le président sortant, Harry S. Truman et Thomas Dewey , candidat du Parti républicain . Wallace was also hurt when Westbrook Pegler, a prominent conservative newspaper columnist, revealed that Wallace as vice president had written coded letters discussing prominent politicians such as Franklin Roosevelt and Winston Churchill to his controversial Russian New Age spiritual guru Nicholas Roerich; the letters were nicknamed the "Guru letters." Truman avait accédé à la présidence en sa qualité de vice-président suite à la mort de Franklin Delano Roosevelt en 1945. I can think of nothing duller or more intellectually barren than acting like a sports announcer who feels he must pretend he is witnessing a neck-and-neck race. "[36] Abels wrote that Dewey's decision to deny Halleck the vice-presidential bid "may have been a fateful one...Halleck with his forceful personality might have changed the tone of the Dewey campaign, and certainly the issue of the record of the GOP-controlled Eightieth Congress would have to have been met heads on. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1948 s'est déroulée le mardi 2 novembre 1948. With the three-way split in the Democratic Party, and with Truman's low approval ratings, Truman was widely considered to be the underdog in the race, and virtually every prediction (with or without public opinion polls) indicated that Truman would be defeated by Dewey. The 1948 United States presidential election was the 41st quadrennial presidential election.It was held on Tuesday, November 2, 1948. (Adopté à la Neuvième Conférence Internationale Américaine, Bogota, Colombia 1948) ... Elle a de même le devoir de remplir les obligations d'élection populaire qui lui reviennent dans l'Etat dont elle est ressortissante. En 1940 et 1944, ils reprirent quelques États à Roosevelt, sans succès au niveau fédéral. Selon le "New York Magazine", Donald Trump, testé positif au coronavirus, aurait par exemple déclaré : "Je pourrais être un de ceux qui en meurent." Élections présidentielles du XVIII siècle Élection présidentielle américaine de 1798, Élection présidentielle américaine de 1792, Élection présidentielle américaine de 1796 [35], Dewey's campaign team originally wanted Illinois Governor Dwight Green to be his running mate, but the opposition of Colonel Robert R. McCormick, the powerful publisher of the Chicago Tribune, nixed his chances. Furthermore, some liberal Democrats had joined Henry A. Wallace's new Progressive Party, and party leaders feared that Wallace would take enough votes from Truman to give the large Northern and Midwestern states to the Republicans. Perhaps unintentionally, the Truman film visually reinforced an image of him as engaged and decisive. In his speech to the convention, Humphrey memorably stated that "the time has come for the Democratic Party to get out of the shadow of states' rights and walk forthrightly into the bright sunshine of human rights!"[13]. Even Truman's own wife, Bess, had private doubts that her husband could win; the only person who appears to have considered Truman's campaign to be winnable was the president himself, who confidently predicted victory to anyone who would listen to him. Dewey, who had been the Republican nominee in 1944, was regarded as the frontrunner when the primaries began. Elle est la quatorzième élection présidentielle américaine. Truman a fait une tournée nationale avec sa rhétorique enflammée, jouant devant des foules nombreuses et enthousiastes. Ces positions étaient cependant inacceptables pour les dirigeants républicains conservateurs du Congrès. En instillant le doute, le candidat, adepte de la théorie de tous les complots à son profit, faisait planer l’ombre d’une des grandes terreurs nationales : le dysfonctionnement de la mécanique démocratique américaine. L'élection présidentielle américaine de 1944, la 40 e élection présidentielle des États-Unis, se tient le mardi 7 novembre 1944.Le pays est alors préoccupé par la guerre qui dure depuis 3 ans (lors de la précédente élection en novembre 1940, les États-Unis n'étaient pas encore entrés en guerre). Truman avait accédé à la présidence en sa qualité de vice-président suite à … L'ANTISECHE - Donald Trump a menacé de saisir la Cour suprême pour trancher l'élection présidentielle américaine. Élection américaine 2020. "1948 Presidential Election Results". [44], Senator Glen H. Taylor from Idaho, an eccentric figure who was known as a "singing cowboy" and who had ridden his horse "Nugget" up the steps of the United States Capitol after winning election to the Senate in 1944, was named as Wallace's running mate. Les élections américaines ont pris fin le 3 novembre, plus ou moins, et nous, Américains, souffrirons encore quatre ans à supporter des absurdités en série de la part d’une Maison Blanche et d’un Congrès qui ne pourraient se désintéresser davantage de notre sort, peu importe qui est élu. Spirits were low; the Republicans had taken control of both houses of the United States Congress and a majority of state governorships during the 1946 mid-term elections, and the public opinion polls showed Truman trailing Republican nominee Dewey, sometimes by double digits. La victoire de Truman semblait si improbable que le Chicago Tribune titra à tort, le soir du 3 novembre, « Dewey Defeats Truman ». Some analysts, including author Zachary Karabell, have even argued that the separate candidacies of Wallace and Thurmond were beneficial to Truman by removing the separate taints of communism and racism from the Democratic Party. Of these, 75 percent picked Truman", which was more than his margin of victory over Dewey. Manchester noted that "Gallup's September 24 report foresaw 46.5% for Dewey to 38% for Truman. Graphique 7. "[33] Instead, both Taft and Stassen, along with Senator Vandenberg, simply agreed to try to hold their own delegates in the hopes of preventing Dewey from obtaining a majority. Dewey would always believe that he lost the election because he lost the rural vote in the Midwest, which he had won in 1944 (note the Kaltenborn predictions that Truman would joyously mock had taken for granted that the "country vote" would go to Dewey).[78]. The key states in the 1948 election were Ohio, California, and Illinois: Truman won all three of these states by a margin of less than one percentage point, for a combined total of 78 electoral votes. Même la propre femme de Truman, Bess, avait des doutes privés quant à la victoire de son mari. He "invaded every hamlet, no matter how isolated, speaking at rural crossroads and shaking hands in hamburger stands. This proposal disappointed Northern and Western liberals who wanted more swift and sweeping reforms in civil rights, but it also failed to placate Southern conservatives, and both sides decided to present their own amendments and proposals to Truman's civil rights plank. [50] As the campaign progressed, however, Wallace's crowds thinned and his standing in the polls dropped. D’autres médias américains, comme le New York Times, le Washington Post et CNN, ne sont pas dans cette situation. In his book Out of the Jaws of Victory, the journalist Jules Abels wrote: "Personalities were referred to by symbolic titles—Roosevelt was 'The Flaming One', Churchill 'The Roaring Lion', and Cordell Hull 'The Sour One'... some of the letters were signed 'Wallace', others 'Galahad'", the name that Roerich had assigned Wallace in his cult. Nos rivières sont pleines de poissons. Truman and his staff knew it was highly likely that any civil rights plank would lead to Southern delegates staging a walk-out in protest, but Truman believed that civil rights was an important moral cause and ultimately abandoned his advisers' attempts to "soften the approach" with the moderate plank; so the President supported and defended the "Crackpot" Biemiller plank, which passed by 651.5 votes to 582.5.